Ideologies
The 38 ideologies of the 12 Axes test
A 12 Axes test result is compared with these 38 reference points. Each has a position on four of the twelve axes, and the nearest one is your match. The positions come from the open-source 12axes project and are rough sketches, not definitions.
01
Anarcho-Communism
A stateless, classless society in which land, workplaces and goods are held in common and decisions are made directly by the people they affect. It rejects both the state and private ownership of productive property.
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Libertarian Socialism
Socialism without a commanding state. Workers and communities run the economy through councils, cooperatives and federations, with authority kept as close to the ground as possible.
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Trotskyism
The Marxist current founded by Leon Trotsky. It calls for working-class revolution spreading from country to country and opposes the bureaucratic one-party rule that took hold under Stalin.
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Marxism
The body of thought that grew from Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It reads history as a struggle between classes and expects capitalism to give way to common ownership of production.
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De Leonism
Daniel De Leon's version of Marxism. Industrial unions and a socialist party work together, win at the ballot box and then run the economy through the unions themselves.
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Leninism
Lenin's programme for revolution. A disciplined vanguard party takes state power on behalf of the working class and directs the transition to socialism.
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Stalinism
The system built in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin: a command economy, a single party, a powerful security apparatus and socialism built first within one country.
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State Socialism
Socialism delivered through the state. Major industries are publicly owned and planned by government, which is trusted to act for society as a whole.
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Democratic Socialism
A socialist economy reached and governed by democratic means. It pairs public or cooperative ownership of key industries with elections, civil liberties and a strong welfare state.
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Revolutionary Socialism
The view that capitalism cannot be reformed away and must be overturned. Socialism arrives through a decisive break led by the working class, not through gradual legislation.
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Anarcho-Syndicalism
Anarchism organised through labour unions. The unions fight employers today and are meant to become the structure that runs a stateless economy tomorrow.
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Left-Wing Populism
Politics that sets ordinary people against economic elites. It favours redistribution, public services and a state willing to take on corporations and finance.
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Distributism
An economic vision rooted in Catholic social teaching. Property should be widely owned by families, small firms and cooperatives instead of being concentrated in the state or in big business.
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Social Liberalism
Liberalism that accepts an active state. Markets and personal freedom stay central, but government funds health, education and a safety net so that freedom means something for everyone.
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Christian Democracy
A centre tradition shaped by Christian social thought. It combines a regulated market and welfare provision with traditional values and support for family and community.
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Social Democracy
Capitalism tamed by democracy. Private enterprise remains, alongside strong unions, universal public services and taxes high enough to keep inequality in check.
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Progressivism
A reform movement that believes society can be improved by deliberate change. It pushes for social equality, civil rights, regulation of business and international cooperation.
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Anarcho-Mutualism
The anarchism of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. Free markets without bosses or landlords, where workers own what they use and trade through cooperatives and mutual credit.
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Technocracy
Government by those with the relevant expertise. Decisions are handed to scientists, engineers and specialists and judged by results, not by popularity.
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Centrism
A preference for the middle ground. Centrists mix ideas from left and right, distrust sweeping change in either direction and favour compromise.
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Liberalism
A tradition built on individual rights, consent of the governed, equality before the law and open markets, with a state limited by a constitution.
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Religious Anarchism
Anarchism grounded in faith. It holds that no earthly authority should stand between people and the divine, and that communities can live by conscience without a state.
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Right-Wing Populism
Politics that sets ordinary people against cultural and political elites. It favours national sovereignty, tighter immigration and firm leadership.
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Moderate Conservatism
Centre-right politics that prefers gradual change. It defends markets, established institutions and social stability while accepting a modest welfare state.
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Reactionary
A wish to return to an earlier social order. Reactionaries reject modern liberal and egalitarian changes and want older hierarchies and traditions restored.
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Social Libertarianism
Libertarianism with an egalitarian streak. It defends personal freedom against the state while supporting cooperation, shared resources and a floor under everyone.
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Right-Libertarianism
Maximum individual liberty with strong private property rights. The state is kept to the minimum needed to protect people, contracts and markets.
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Anarcho-Egoism
The anarchism of Max Stirner. The individual owes nothing to state, church or moral code, and joins others only in voluntary unions that serve their own ends.
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Fascism
An authoritarian ultranationalism. It demands unity under a single leader and party, glorifies the nation and force, and crushes opposition and pluralism.
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Conservatism
A defence of inherited institutions and customs. Conservatives value order, family, religion and private property, and are wary of rapid social change.
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Neoliberalism
A market-first programme of deregulation, privatisation and limited public spending, usually combined with liberal positions on social questions.
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Classical Liberalism
The original liberal creed: civil liberties, the rule of law, free markets and a government kept small and constrained.
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Authoritarian Capitalism
A market economy under a government that tolerates little dissent. Private business thrives while political freedoms are tightly restricted.
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State Capitalism
An economy in which the state itself acts as the leading capitalist, owning or directing major firms that still operate for profit.
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Neoconservatism
A hawkish conservatism. It supports free markets and traditional values at home, and an assertive foreign policy backed by military power.
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Objectivism
Ayn Rand's philosophy. Reason and rational self-interest are the highest virtues, and laissez-faire capitalism is the only system that respects individual rights.
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Voluntaryism
The principle that every human relationship should be voluntary. Taxation and state authority are rejected because nobody consented to them.
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Anarcho-Capitalism
A stateless society organised entirely by private property and markets. Courts, police and defence are services bought from competing providers.
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